22 Firms On NGX Face Debt Exposure Of N21.3trn

About 22 companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Limited, NGX, are carrying varying levels of debt, totalling N21.3 trillion in the second quarter of 2026, as they seek to finance their operations and generate profits.

Of the 22 companies, 11 are operating with debt-to-equity ratios above 2.0, highlighting varying degrees of reliance on borrowed funds to finance their businesses and raising concerns about the potential impact of interest costs, cash-flow pressures and shareholder returns.

The 22 companies are VFD Group, United Capital, UACN, TotalEnergies Marketing Nigeria, Tantalizers, SCOA Nigeria, Nestlé Nigeria, Neimeth International Pharmaceuticals, MTN Nigeria and Mecure Industries. Others are Infinity Trust Mortgage Bank, FTN Cocoa Processors, Ecobank Transnational Incorporated, Dangote Sugar, Conoil, C&I Leasing, BUA Cement, Aradel Holdings, AIICO Insurance, Access Holdings, Abbey Bank and Fortis Global Insurance.

Debt-to-equity ratio above 2.0

An analysis of the data available to Vanguard shows that FTN Cocoa Processors has the highest debt-to-equity ratio at 28.61, followed by SCOA Nigeria at 14.37 and United Capital at 6.52.

Other companies with ratios above 2.0 include Nestlé Nigeria, 5.74; Fortis Global Insurance, 4.66; UACN, 4.10; Neimeth International, 3.29; Mecure Industries, 3.0; MTN Nigeria, 2.98; VFD Group, 2.4; and Infinity Trust Mortgage Bank, 2.18.

The debt-to-equity ratio measures the extent to which a company relies on debt relative to shareholders’ equity. A ratio of 1.0, for example, indicates that debt is equivalent to equity, while a ratio of 2.0 indicates two naira of debt for every naira of equity.

There is, however, no single debt-to-equity ratio that can be regarded as normal for every company, according to analysts. Capital-intensive manufacturing, telecommunications and other sectors can operate with higher leverage, while excessive debt relative to equity can increase financial risk, particularly when interest rates are high or operating cash flows weaken.

Debt value

The available data show significant differences in the capital structures of the companies. Total debt ranges from N9.31 billion for Tantalizers to N7.27 trillion for Access Holdings.

Ecobank Transnational Incorporated recorded total debt of N5.36 trillion, while MTN Nigeria had N2.78 trillion, Aradel Holdings N1.87 trillion and United Capital N1.22 trillion.

Others are BUA Cement, N663.34 billion; Dangote Sugar, N584.61 billion; Nestlé Nigeria, N445.11 billion; UACN, N308.78 billion; VFD Group, N252.17 billion; AIICO Insurance, N129.66 billion; Conoil, N72.05 billion; C&I Leasing, N71.67 billion; Mecure Industries, N66.17 billion; Fortis Global Insurance, N30 billion; and Infinity Trust Mortgage Bank, N27.16 billion.

FTN Cocoa recorded N22.42 billion, Abbey Bank N20.37 billion, SCOA Nigeria N12.41 billion, Neimeth N9.33 billion and Tantalizers N9.31 billion.

FTN Cocoa, SCOA stand out

FTN Cocoa’s debt-to-equity ratio of 28.61 means that the company has N28.61 of debt for every N1 of shareholders’ equity. Its total debt is listed at N22.42 billion, while equity is shown at about N783.65 million.

SCOA Nigeria also has a particularly high ratio of 14.37, although it has negative equity of N563.76 million. Negative shareholders’ equity is a separate warning sign because it means liabilities exceed the reported equity base.

United Capital’s ratio of 6.52, alongside total debt of N1.22 trillion and equity of N187.09 billion, also points to substantial leverage.

Equity value

Access Holdings recorded the highest equity value at N4.19 trillion, followed by Ecobank at N3.68 trillion, Aradel Holdings at N2.17 trillion, MTN Nigeria at N930.61 billion, BUA Cement at N659.13 billion, United Capital at N187.09 billion, Dangote Sugar at N170.36 billion, AIICO Insurance at N109.15 billion, VFD Group at N104.73 billion and Nestlé Nigeria at N77.56 billion.

Others are UACN, N75.71 billion; TotalEnergies Marketing Nigeria, N52.49 billion; C&I Leasing, N49.5 billion; Conoil, N44.39 billion; Mecure Industries, N22.02 billion; Infinity Trust Mortgage Bank, N12.47 billion; Abbey Bank, N10.88 billion; Fortis Global Insurance, N6.44 billion; Tantalizers, N4.76 billion; Neimeth, N2.84 billion; FTN Cocoa, N783.65 million; and SCOA Nigeria, negative N563.76 million.

Analysts’ comments

Commenting on the implications for investors of the debt-to-equity ratios, Ambrose Omordion, Analyst and Chief Operating Officer at Investdata Consulting, said: “From an investor perspective, a high debt-to-equity ratio does not automatically mean that a company is in distress. Investors would need to examine the company’s earnings, cash flow, interest-cover ratio, maturity profile of its borrowings and the purpose for which the debt was raised.

“However, high leverage can magnify both gains and losses. Where borrowed funds are deployed into profitable investments, debt can enhance returns to shareholders. Conversely, if earnings and cash flows weaken, a heavily indebted company may face difficulty meeting interest and principal obligations.

“Investors may therefore pay particular attention to companies where high leverage is accompanied by weak profitability, negative shareholders’ funds or declining cash flows.

“The figures from this data also show companies with considerably lower leverage. BUA Cement has a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.01, while Aradel Holdings is listed at 1.22, AIICO Insurance at 1.20, Conoil at 1.62, C&I Leasing at 1.50, and Ecobank Transnational Inc. at 1.50.”